miercuri, 29 ianuarie 2020

Cum se traduce cuvântul וְהָר֣וּחַ (weharuach) de la Eclesiastul 12:7?


Un prieten care crede în nemurirea sufletului, susţinea că sufletul se întoarce la Dumnezeu şi mi-a trimis un e.mail cu Ecleziastul 12:7 varinata din Biblia Nițulescu, care redată textul - din păcate - astfel:
"Și să se întoarcă acestă pulbere în pământ, precum a fost; Și sufletul să se întoarcă înapoi la Dumnezeu, care l-a dat." (Biblia Nițulescu)
Prima dată nu mi-a venit să cred auzind că traducerea respectivă este o traducere buna. 
De aceea am verificat informaţia (http://www.archive.org/stream/sfntascriptura00ghen#page/638/mode/2up) şi am rămas dezamăgit, pentru că autorul traducerii nu a respectat redarea cuvântului "weharuach (we-ha-ruach)", un cuvânt compus, care înseamnă "şi duhul".
 
Eu nu ştiu ebraică, dar m-am informat de mult timp cu privire la acest verset studiind interlinearul ebraic - englez de pe BIBLEHUB, care îmi este de mare ajutor. Versetul din textul ebraic nu aşa spune. Din păcate, avem de a face cu multe traduceri imperfecte. Important este să nu ne contaminăm cu ideile ce reies din redările greşite de acolo. Când argumentaţi ceva şi vă legaţi foarte tare de un verset redat în limba română, mai întâi verificaţi-l cu interlinearul de pe BIBLEHUB dacă este redat corect şi vă rog să vă gândiți la aceste părți ale argumentelor voastre, în conformitate cu textul din ebraică sau greacă, deoarece redările greşite în limba română (care sunt în fond falsităţi, nulităţi, sofisme) nu pot avea rezultate bune.
De reţinut (ar trebui sa vă notaţi undeva, pentru a vă fi la îndemână):
Cuvântul "suflet" în ebraică este "NEFEŞ". Ca să fac o exemplificare metaforică, NEFEŞ e ca şi fitilului unei lumânări. Când omul este viu, sufletul - nefeşul arde. Când omul este mort, sufletul - nefeşul este stins.
Cuvântul "duh" în ebraică este "RUAH". Este ca să spun aşa un echivalent pentru ceva care susţine sufletul - nefeşul. Adică, în exemplificarea făcută, deşi metaforică, repet, ar fi ca oxigenul care face ca să poată arde flacăra sufletului - nefeşului. Ştiţi bine de la ora de chimie că fără oxigen nu arde nimic. Tot astfel, fără duh, sufletul nu poate arde, adică trăi.
Sufletul şi duhul nu înseamnă acelaşi lucru, altfel nu ar fi două cuvinte, ci unul.
Textul transliterat din caractere ebraice în caractere latine este "weharuach el-tasub haelohim" Ecleziastul 12:7, adică "şi duhul se întoarce la Dumnezeu". Deci nu e vorba aici de suflet. Pare de necrezut, dar sufletul se întoarce la fel ca trupul în locuinţa morţilor, nici eu nu aş crede dacă nu ar scrie:
VBC Fapte 2:27. căci nu-mi vei lăsa sufletul (grecă "psychi") în Locuinţa morţilor (grecă "hades") şi nu vei îngădui ca sfântul Tău să vadă putrezirea.
Acest text este un citat din VBC Psalmi 16:10 Căci nu vei lăsa sufletul (nefeş) meu în Locuinţa morţilor (ebraică "şheol"), nu vei îngădui ca preaiubitul Tău să vadă putrezirea.
VBC Proverbe 23:14 Lovindu-l cu nuiaua, îi scoţi sufletul (nefeş) din Locuinţa morţilor (şheol).
VBC Psalmi 30:3 Doamne, Tu mi-ai ridicat sufletul (nefeş) din Locuinţa morţilor (şheol), Tu m-ai adus la viaţă din mijlocul celor ce se coboară în groapă (cuvântul groapă nu apare în textul ebraic al acestui verset).
Acum că ştiţi aveţi un avantaj, cu condiţia să asimilaţi. Spor la reţinut şi aprofundat.

duminică, 26 ianuarie 2020

Evrei 10:27 "focul care mămâncă"

Unor prieteni de ai mei, le este ciudă că nu le susţin părerea şi anume, că Dumnezeu va chinui etern pe păcătoşii care nu se pocăiesc. Eu nu cred aşa ceva deoarece am convingerea că Dumnezeu nu este sadic. Dacă Dumnezeu ar face aşa ceva ar fi un Dumnezeu sadic. Ateii spun asta, eu doar spun părerea lor, ca să vedeţi şi o astfel de părere. Şi eu cred că ateii au dreptate, o astfel de fiinţă ar fi sadică.

Ce înseamnă a fi sadic?

Iată ce spune DEX-ul

SÁDIC, -Ă, sadici, -ce, adj. (Despre oameni; adesea substantivat) Care chinuiește sau torturează pe cineva din plăcerea bolnăvicioasă de a-l vedea suferind; (despre acțiunile, caracterul etc. oamenilor) plin de sadism; crud. – Din fr. sadique.
 
Că Dumnezeu nu este sadic, este opinia Bibliei.

Romani 6:23 Nouă Traducere În Limba Română (NTLR)

23 Fiindcă plata păcatului este moartea (şi nu chinul cum ar vrea Satana şi voi), dar darul lui Dumnezeu este viaţa veşnică în Cristos Isus, Domnul nostru.

Şi acum vedeţi ce se întâmplă la judecata viitoare (adică după înviere), căci textul următor vorbeşte de judecată, nota bene:

Biblia în versiunea lui Cornilescu Evrei 10:27. ci doar o aşteptare înfricoşată a judecăţii şi văpaia unui foc care va mistui pe cei răzvrătiţi.

Biblia în versiunea Ortodoxă Evrei 10:27 Ci o înfricoşată aşteptare a judecăţii şi iuţimea focului care va mistui pe cei potrivnici.

Biblia în versiunea Baptistă Evrei 10:27 ci numai o aşteptare înfricoşată a judecăţii şi a focului cumplit care-i va mistui pe cei care I se împotrivesc lui Dumnezeu.

Aici textul grec spune aşa:
"ci doar o asteptare înfricoşată a judecăţii (kriseos) şi a focului (kai pyros) zelos (zelos) care va mânca (esthiein) pe cei răzvrătiţi (tous hypenatious).

Întrebare: De ce va fi mistuire şi nu chinuire la judecată?

Răspuns: Fiindcă Dumnezeu nu este un sadic în gândire şi nici în acţiune.

Cornilescu Evrei 12:29 fiindcă Dumnezeul nostru este "un foc mistuitor".

Ortodoxă Evrei 12:29 Căci "Dumnezeul nostru este şi foc mistuitor".

Baptistă Evrei 12:29 pentru că „Dumnezeul nostru este un foc mistuitor"

De ce nu scrie că Dumnezeu este un foc chinuitor? Fiindcă e normal la cap, numai nişte bolnavi mintali ar putea chinui pe cineva veşnic. Nici chiar voi nu aţi putea face asta, dacă v-ar cere cineva! Însăşi firea noastră se îngrozeşte de aşa ceva. Mă refer la oamenii care gândesc şi nu înghit. Păi gândiţi-vă!
Ar putea un tată să-şi chinuie etern un copil, oricât de rău ar fi fost el? Eu cred că nu. Şi atunci, de ce îi puneţi în seama lui Dumnezeu aşa ceva? Oare el nu este Tatăl tuturor oamenilor? Nu aşa zicem în rugăciunea "Tatăl nostru"?

Luca 16:19-31 este un text fals, care contrazice multe versete, de exemplu Daniel 12:2.

 How the scholars seeing this:
"Some hold that the story, in its entirety, can be attributed to Jesus (Bauckham 1991, 45; Marshall, 634; Blomberg, 203-5; Jeremias 1972, 186; Fitzmyer 1985, 1127; Hock, Vol. 4, 266-7) while others consider it as a pre-Christian tale attributed to Jesus (Bultmann 1963, 203), later Apocryphal
interpolation (the entire story, Cairus 2006, 35-45) or Lucan redaction (Drury, 159-60)."

"The story seems abrupt in its present place (Reiling
and Swellengrebel, 569-70). Aecio Cairus argues for,
while excluding 16:19-31, a smooth transition from 16:18
to 17:1 (Cairus, 43). He sees vv. 19-31 as an interruption of the flow and that 17:1-2 belongs “to the same condemnation of Pharisaic doctrine introduced in 16:15-17” (Marshall, 632)." 
Daniel Berchie, Samson Dakio, Luke 16:19-31: Intermediate State of the Soul 
Cum văd savanții:
„Unii susțin că povestea, în totalitatea ei, poate fi atribuită lui Isus (Bauckham 1991, 45; Marshall, 634; Blomberg, 203-5; Jeremias 1972, 186; Fitzmyer 1985, 1127; Hock, Vol. 4, 266- 7), în timp ce alții o consideră o poveste pre-creștină atribuită lui Isus (Bultmann 1963, 203), o Apocrifă mai târziu
interpolată (întreaga poveste, Cairus 2006, 35-45) sau Lucan redacti (Drury, 159-60). "
„Povestea pare bruscă în locul ei actual (Reiling
și Swellengrebel, 569-70). Aecio Cairus susține că,
excluzând 16: 19-31, este o tranziție lină de la 16:18
la 17: 1 (Cairus, 43). El vede vv. 19-31 ca întrerupere a fluxului și faptul că 17:1-2 aparține „aceleiași condamnări a doctrinei fariseice introdusă în 16: 15-17” (Marshall, 632). "
Daniel Berchie, Samson Dakio, Luca 16: 19-31: Starea intermediară a sufletului


Alte dovezi:
For example, the so called APOSTLES' CREED was written in Greek language, around 135 AD in Rome as a synthesis of what the apostles believed, to oppose the virulent pseudo-christian Gnostic sects.
The Apostles’ Creed is the earliest known extra-biblical Christian creed. The idea of God as a trinity, Christ’s descending in hell, the immediate after-death judgement and the endless torment of the sinners is not hinted. In Italy and Gaul, in the fifth century, the phrase “he descended into hell” came into the creed.
Reconstruction:
“I believe in God, the Father All-powerful; and in Jesus Christ, his only begotten Son, our Lord, who was born of the Virgin Mary by the Holy Spirit, was crucified under Pontius Pilate, buried in the grave, rose from the dead on the third day, ascended to the heavens, and sits on the right hand of the God Father All-powerful; whence he will come, to judge the living and the dead: and in the Holy Spirit; the holy church; the remission of sins; and the resurrection of the flesh.”

Credo in Deum, Patrem omnipoténtem
(pantokratora - Hippolytus and Marcellus),
creatórem cæli et terræ.
Et in Iesum Christum,
Fílium eius únicum,
Dóminum nostrum,
qui concéptus est de Spíritu Sancto,
natus ex María Vírgine,
passus sub Póntio Piláto,
crucifíxus, mórtuus et sepúltus,
(descéndit ad ínferos, - from Rufinus (Aquileia) 404, Hippolytus c. 215 and Marcellus 340 don't mention it)
tértia die resurréxit a mórtuis,
ascéndit ad cælos,
sedet ad déxteram Dei Patris omnipoténtis,
inde ventúrus est iudicáre vivos et mórtuos.
Credo in Spíritum Sanctum,
sanctam Ecclésiam (cathólicam - Rufinus, Hippolytus and Marcellus don't mention it),
sanctórum communiónem,
remissiónem peccatórum,
carnis (sarkos - Hippolytus and Marcellus) resurrectiónem,
[et] vitam ætérnam. Amen.



De exemplu, așa-numitul CREDEU APOSTOLIC a fost scris în limba greacă, în jurul anului 135 d.Hr., la Roma, ca sinteză a ceea ce credeau apostolii, pentru a se opune sectelor pseudo-creștine gnostice virulente.
Crezul Apostolilor este cel mai vechi crez creștin extra-biblic cunoscut. Ideea unui Dumnezeu ca o trinitate, coborârea lui Christos în iad, judecata imediată după moarte și chinul nesfârșit al păcătoșilor nu sunt sugerate. În Italia și în Galia, în secolul al V-lea, expresia „a coborât în ​​iad” a intrat în crez.


Reconstrucţie:
„Cred în Dumnezeu, Tatăl Atotputernic; și în Iisus Christos, singurul său Fiu născut, Domnul nostru, care s-a născut din Fecioara Maria de la Duhul Sfânt, a fost răstignit sub Ponțiu Pilat, îngropat în mormânt, a înviat din morți în a treia zi, s-a înălțat la ceruri, și se așază la dreapta lui Dumnezeu,
Tatăl Atotputernic; de unde va veni, pentru a judeca pe vii și pe morți: și în Duhul Sfânt; biserica sfântă; iertarea păcatelor; și învierea trupului.”

Credo in Deum, Patrem omnipoténtem
(pantokratora - Hippolytus și Marcellus),
creatórem cæli et terræ.
Et in Iesum Christum,
Fílium eius únicum,
Dóminum nostrum,
qui concéptus este de Spíritu Sancto,
natus ex María Vírgine,
passus sub Póntio Piláto,
crucifíxus, mórtuus et sepultus,
(descéndit ad ínferos, - din Rufinus (Aquileia) 404, Hippolytus c. 215 și Marcellus 340 nu menționează)
tértia die resurréxit a mórtuis,
ascendit ad cælos,
sedet ad déxteram Dei Patris omnipoténtis,
inde ventúrus est iudicáre vivos et mórtuos.
Credo in Spíritum Sanctum,
sanctam Ecclésiam (cathólicam - Rufinus, Hippolytus și Marcellus nu menționează),
sanctórum communiónem,
remissiónem peccatórum,
carnis (sarkos - Hippolytus și Marcellus) resurrectiónem,
[et] vitam ætérnam. Amin.

duminică, 19 ianuarie 2020

Iacov - diferenţe faţă de VDC


The Ante-Nicene Bible Version Project - With Notes
(The King James Bible Version Corrected)

James

James 1
1James, a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ, to the twelve tribes which are scattered abroad, greeting.
2My brethren, count it all joy when ye fall into divers temptations;
3Knowing this, that the trying of your faith worketh patience.
4But let patience have her perfect work, that ye may be perfect and entire, wanting nothing.
5If any of you lack wisdom, let him ask of God, that giveth to all men liberally, and upbraideth not; and it shall be given him.
6But let him ask in faith, nothing wavering. For he that wavereth is like a wave of the sea driven with the wind and tossed.
7For let not that man think that he shall receive any thing from Jehovah. (1)
8 A double minded man is unstable in all his ways.
9 Let the brother of low degree rejoice in that he is exalted:
10But the rich, in that he is made low: because as the flower of the grass he shall pass away.
11For the sun is no sooner risen with a burning heat, but it withereth the grass, and the flower thereof falleth, and the grace of the fashion of it perisheth: so also shall the rich man fade away in his ways.
12Blessed is the man that endureth temptation: for when he is tried, he shall receive the crown of life, which God (2) hath promised to them that love him.
13Let no man say when he is tempted, I am tempted of God: for God cannot be tempted with evil, neither tempteth he any man:
14But every man is tempted, when he is drawn away of his own lust, and enticed.
15Then when lust hath conceived, it bringeth forth sin: and sin, when it is finished, bringeth forth death.
16Do not err, my beloved brethren.
17Every good gift and every perfect gift is from above, and cometh down from the Father of lights, with whom is no variableness, neither shadow of turning.
18Of his own will begat he us with the word of truth, that we should be a kind of firstfruits of his creatures.
Hearing and Doing
19Wherefore, my beloved brethren, let every man be swift to hear, slow to speak, slow to wrath:
20For the wrath of man worketh not the righteousness of God.
21Wherefore lay apart all filthiness and superfluity of naughtiness, and receive with meekness the engrafted word, which is able to save your souls.
22But be ye doers of the word, and not hearers only, deceiving your own selves.
23For if any be a hearer of the word, and not a doer, he is like unto a man beholding his natural face in a glass:
24For he beholdeth himself, and goeth his way, and straightway forgetteth what manner of man he was.
25But whoso looketh into the perfect law of liberty, and continueth therein, he being not a forgetful hearer, but a doer of the work, this man shall be blessed in his deed.
26 And if a man thinks that he serves God (3), and bridleth not his tongue, but deceiveth his own heart, this man's service is worthless. (4)
27Pure religion and undefiled before God and the Father is this, To visit the fatherless and widows in their affliction, and to keep himself unspotted from the world.

Note: 1, 2, 3, 4 See The Aramaic Bible In Plain English

James 2
1My brethren, do not hold the glorious faith of our Lord Jesus Christ (1), with respect of persons.
2For if there come unto your assembly a man with a gold ring, in goodly apparel, and there come in also a poor man in vile raiment;
3And ye have respect to him that weareth the gay clothing, and say unto him, Sit thou here in a good place; and say to the poor, Stand thou there, or sit here under my footstool:
4Are ye not then partial in yourselves, and are become judges of evil thoughts?
5Hearken, my beloved brethren, Hath not God chosen the poor of this world rich in faith, and heirs of the kingdom which he hath promised to them that love him?
6But ye have despised the poor. Do not rich men oppress you, and draw you before the judgment seats?
7Do not they blaspheme that worthy name by the which ye are called?
8If ye fulfil the royal law according to the scripture, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself, ye do well:
9But if ye have respect to persons, ye commit sin, and are convinced of the law as transgressors.
10For whosoever shall keep the whole law, and yet offend in one point, he is guilty of all.
11For he that said, Do not commit adultery, said also, Do not kill. Now if thou commit no adultery, yet if thou kill, thou art become a transgressor of the law.
12So speak ye, and so do, as they that shall be judged by the law of liberty.
13For he shall have judgment without mercy, that hath shewed no mercy; and mercy rejoiceth against judgment.
14What doth it profit, my brethren, though a man say he hath faith, and have not works? can faith save him?
15If a brother or sister be naked, and destitute of daily food,
16And one of you say unto them, Depart in peace, be ye warmed and filled; notwithstanding ye give them not those things which are needful to the body; what doth it profit?
17Even so faith, if it hath not works, is dead, being alone.
18Yea, a man may say, Thou hast faith, and I have works: shew me thy faith without thy works, and I will shew thee my faith by my works.
19Thou believest that there is one God; thou doest well: the devils also believe, and tremble.
20But wilt thou know, O vain man, that faith without works is dead?
21Was not Abraham our father justified by works, when he had offered Isaac his son upon the altar?
22Seest thou how faith wrought with his works, and by works was faith made perfect?
23And the scripture was fulfilled which saith, Abraham believed God, and it was imputed unto him for righteousness: and he was called the Friend of God.
24Ye see then how that by works a man is justified, and not by faith only.
25Likewise also was not Rahab the harlot justified by works, when she had received the messengers, and had sent them out another way?
26For as the body without the spirit is dead, so faith without works is dead also.

Note: 1 See The Aramaic Bible In Plain English,

James 3
1My brethren, be not many masters, knowing that we shall receive the greater condemnation.
2For in many things we offend all. If any man offend not in word, the same is a perfect man, and able also to bridle the whole body.
3Behold, we put bits in the horses' mouths, that they may obey us; and we turn about their whole body.
4Behold also the ships, which though they be so great, and are driven of fierce winds, yet are they turned about with a very small helm, whithersoever the governor listeth.
5Even so the tongue is a little member, and boasteth great things. Behold, how great a matter a little fire kindleth!
6And the tongue is a fire, a world of iniquity: so is the tongue among our members, that it defileth the whole body, and setteth on fire the course of nature; and it is set on fire of hell.
7For every kind of beasts, and of birds, and of serpents, and of things in the sea, is tamed, and hath been tamed of mankind:
8But the tongue can no man tame; it is an unruly evil, full of deadly poison.
9Therewith bless we Jehovah (1), the Father; and therewith curse we men, which are made after the similitude of God.
10Out of the same mouth proceedeth blessing and cursing. My brethren, these things ought not so to be.
11Doth a fountain send forth at the same place sweet water and bitter?
12Can the fig tree, my brethren, bear olive berries? either a vine, figs? so can no fountain both yield salt water and fresh.
True Wisdom from Above
13Who is a wise man and endued with knowledge among you? let him shew out of a good conversation his works with meekness of wisdom.
14But if ye have bitter envying and strife in your hearts, glory not, and lie not against the truth.
15This wisdom descendeth not from above, but is earthly, sensual, devilish.
16For where envying and strife is, there is confusion and every evil work.
17But the wisdom that is from above is first pure, then peaceable, gentle, and easy to be intreated, full of mercy and good fruits, without partiality, and without hypocrisy.
18And the fruit of righteousness is sown in peace of them that make peace.

Note: 1 See The Aramaic Bible In Plain English

James 4
1From whence come wars and fightings among you? come they not hence, even of your lusts that war in your members?
2Ye lust, and have not: ye kill, and desire to have, and cannot obtain: ye fight and war, yet ye have not, because ye ask not.
3Ye ask, and receive not, because ye ask amiss, that ye may consume it upon your lusts.
4Ye adulterers and adulteresses, know ye not that the friendship of the world is enmity with God? whosoever therefore will be a friend of the world is the enemy of God.
5Do ye think that the scripture saith in vain, The spirit that dwelleth in us lusteth to envy?
6But he giveth more grace. Wherefore he saith, God resisteth the proud, but giveth grace unto the humble.
Drawing Near to God
7Submit yourselves therefore to God. Resist the devil, and he will flee from you.
8Draw nigh to God, and he will draw nigh to you. Cleanse your hands, ye sinners; and purify your hearts, ye double minded.
9Be afflicted, and mourn, and weep: let your laughter be turned to mourning, and your joy to heaviness.
10Humble yourselves in the sight of the Lord, and he shall lift you up.
11Speak not evil one of another, brethren. He that speaketh evil of his brother, and judgeth his brother, speaketh evil of the law, and judgeth the law: but if thou judge the law, thou art not a doer of the law, but a judge.
12There is one lawgiver, who is able to save and to destroy: who art thou that judgest another?
13Go to now, ye that say, To day or to morrow we will go into such a city, and continue there a year, and buy and sell, and get gain:
14Whereas ye know not what shall be on the morrow. For what is your life? It is even a vapour, that appeareth for a little time, and then vanisheth away.
15For that ye ought to say, If Jehovah (1) will, we shall live, and do this, or that.
16But now ye rejoice in your boastings: all such rejoicing is evil.
17Therefore to him that knoweth to do good, and doeth it not, to him it is sin.

Note: 1 See The Aramaic Bible In Plain English

James 5
1Go to now, ye rich men, weep and howl for your miseries that shall come upon you.
2Your riches are corrupted, and your garments are motheaten.
3Your gold and silver is cankered; and the rust of them shall be a witness against you, and shall eat your flesh as it were fire. Ye have heaped treasure together for the last days.
4Behold, the hire of the labourers who have reaped down your fields, which is of you kept back by fraud, crieth: and the cries of them which have reaped are entered into the ears of the Jehovah of Hosts (1).
5Ye have lived in pleasure on the earth, and been wanton; ye have nourished your hearts, as in a day of slaughter.
6Ye have condemned and killed the just; and he doth not resist you.
7Be patient therefore, brethren, unto the coming of the Lord. Behold, the husbandman waiteth for the precious fruit of the earth, and hath long patience for it, until he receive the early and latter rain.
8Be ye also patient; stablish your hearts: for the coming of the Lord draweth nigh.
9Grudge not one against another, brethren, lest ye be condemned: behold, the judge standeth before the door.
10Take, my brethren, the prophets, who have spoken in the name of Jehovah (2), for an example of suffering affliction, and of patience.
11Behold, we count them happy which endure. Ye have heard of the patience of Job, and have seen the end of Jehovah (3) ; that Jehovah (4) is very pitiful, and of tender mercy.
12But above all things, my brethren, swear not, neither by heaven, neither by the earth, neither by any other oath: but let your yea be yea; and your nay, nay; lest ye fall into condemnation.
13Is any among you afflicted? let him pray. Is any merry? let him sing psalms.
14Is any sick among you? let him call for the elders of the church; and let them pray over him, anointing him with oil in the name of the Lord:
15And the prayer of faith shall save the sick, and the Lord shall raise him up; and if he have committed sins, they shall be forgiven him.
16Confess your faults one to another, and pray one for another, that ye may be healed. The effectual fervent prayer of a righteous man availeth much.
17Elias was a man subject to like passions as we are, and he prayed earnestly that it might not rain: and it rained not on the earth by the space of three years and six months.
18And he prayed again, and the heaven gave rain, and the earth brought forth her fruit.
19Brethren, if any of you do err from the truth, and one convert him;
20Let him know, that he which converteth the sinner from the error of his way shall save a soul from death, and shall hide a multitude of sins.

Note: 1, 2, 3, 4 See The Aramaic Bible In Plain English